Which memory technique involves breaking down long lists into manageable segments?

Chunking is a memory technique that facilitates the storage and retrieval of information by organizing it into larger, more manageable units or segments. This method capitalizes on the brain's ability to remember groups of items better than individual items. For example, when trying to remember a long string of numbers, such as 149217761982, one might break it down into smaller chunks like 1492, 1776, and 1982, making it easier to retrieve later.

In contrast, rehearsal involves repeatedly practicing or saying information to enhance memory retention but does not specifically address organizing information into smaller groups. Short-term and long-term memory refer more broadly to how information is stored and utilized over varying durations rather than specific techniques for organizing that information. Thus, chunking is the most effective memory strategy among the options listed for dealing with long lists by segmenting them into more digestible units.