What type of research is focused on describing a phenomenon and determining its basic dimensions?

Descriptive research is a methodology designed to provide a detailed, accurate depiction of a phenomenon. Its primary goal is to outline the characteristics of a specific group or situation without manipulating any variables. This approach is particularly useful when the researcher seeks to understand the nuances of a phenomenon, such as its prevalence, trends, or relationships among various dimensions.

In descriptive research, researchers might employ tools like surveys, observational techniques, or content analysis to gather information that can illustrate and represent the phenomenon in question effectively. This type of research emphasizes capturing the "what" rather than the "why" or "how," allowing for a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.

In contrast, correlation research looks at relationships between variables but does not seek to describe a phenomenon in detail. Experimental research involves manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships, while longitudinal research focuses on studying changes over time, rather than capturing a static description of a phenomenon. Thus, descriptive research is best suited for the purpose outlined in the question.