What type of memory includes skills and procedures that are recalled without conscious thought?

The correct choice is related to implicit (non-declarative) memory, which refers to the type of memory responsible for skills and procedures that individuals can perform without consciously thinking about them. This type of memory encompasses actions like riding a bike, typing on a keyboard, or playing a musical instrument, all of which are learned through practice and do not require active, conscious recollection.

Implicit memory is distinct from explicit memory, which involves conscious recall of facts and events. For instance, remembering a historical date or recalling the details of a recent event falls under explicit memory, as it requires awareness and intentional retrieval of information.

Short-term memory and working memory are related but serve different functions. Short-term memory temporarily holds a limited amount of information, while working memory actively manipulates and processes information, facilitating tasks like problem-solving and reasoning. Neither of these types is responsible for the automatic execution of learned skills, which is the hallmark of implicit memory.

Therefore, implicit memory is crucial for enabling individuals to perform learned tasks effortlessly, showcasing the automaticity of certain skills acquired over time.