What term best describes the study of abnormal behavior through the lens of historical and cultural contexts?

The term that best describes the study of abnormal behavior through the lens of historical and cultural contexts is "Models of abnormality." This concept encompasses various frameworks used to understand mental disorders, including their origins, development, and expressions across different societies and time periods.

Models of abnormality examine how cultural beliefs, historical events, and social norms influence the perception and definition of what is considered abnormal behavior. This approach allows for a broader understanding of psychological issues, acknowledging that interpretations of behavior can vary significantly depending on cultural context.

In contrast, psychoanalysis primarily focuses on unconscious processes and early experiences, often neglecting the cultural elements that shape an individual's psyche. Behaviorism emphasizes observable behaviors and the influence of the environment on actions, rather than the historical or cultural factors that inform the understanding of abnormality. Cognition involves mental processes like thinking and memory but does not specifically address the broader cultural and historical dimensions of abnormal behavior.

Thus, "Models of abnormality" is the term that captures the essence of studying abnormal behavior with an awareness of varying historical and cultural influences.