What is defined as the close bond an infant has with its caregiver?

Attachment refers to the emotional bond that develops between an infant and their primary caregiver. This bond is essential for the infant's development, as it provides a sense of security and safety. When caregivers consistently respond to an infant's needs—such as hunger, comfort, and emotional support—the infant learns to trust that their needs will be met. This process fosters a secure attachment, which is foundational for the child's social, emotional, and cognitive development.

In various psychological theories, particularly those related to child development, attachment is linked to later relationships and emotional well-being, highlighting its significance in early life. It is distinct from concepts like autonomy, which relates to a child's independence; trust, which can develop as a component of attachment; and dependency, which may refer to reliance on caregivers but does not capture the qualitative aspect of the emotional connection that attachment signifies. Thus, attachment is the most accurate term for describing the close and profound bond formed during infancy between a child and their caregiver.