What concept describes learning that occurs by watching others without direct reinforcement?

The correct answer highlights Observational Learning, a concept thoroughly explored by psychologist Albert Bandura. This form of learning emphasizes that individuals can acquire new behaviors or information simply by observing others, rather than through direct experience or reinforcement. In this process, the observer learns from the actions of a model and the consequences that follow those actions, allowing them to imitate or adapt behaviors without the need for direct reinforcement.

This type of learning accounts for a significant part of human behavior and social interactions, demonstrating how individuals can learn language, social norms, and skills by observing others in their environment. It contrasts with other learning strategies that rely on reinforcement or direct interaction with stimuli, thereby broadening the understanding of how learning can occur in social contexts.