How is memory defined in psychology?

In psychology, memory is defined as the retention of information and experiences over time. This definition encompasses several critical components of memory: encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Memory allows individuals to access past experiences and learned information, playing a crucial role in shaping behavior, decision-making, and overall cognitive functioning.

This process is fundamental to learning and adapting to new situations, as retained memories influence how people perceive the present and anticipate the future. For instance, past experiences help us navigate similar scenarios, allowing us to apply knowledge when faced with decisions that resemble previous experiences. Memory's essential function as a repository of our knowledge and experiences distinguishes it from other cognitive processes that might focus on immediate attention or expression of information.