How does positive punishment differ from negative punishment?

Positive punishment involves the addition of an unpleasant stimulus or consequence in response to a behavior, which aims to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring again in the future. For example, if a child touches a hot stove and feels pain, the pain serves as positive punishment, discouraging the child from repeating that action.

In contrast, negative punishment entails the removal of a pleasant stimulus to diminish a behavior. For instance, if a teenager loses privileges, such as being allowed to use the family car because they missed curfew, that loss of privilege functions as negative punishment.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in the application of behavioral modification techniques, as the effectiveness of punishment can vary based on how it is implemented and the context in which it is used.